What are the Top Language Industry Trends of 2014?

Posted On February 14, 2014By TranspanishIn Languages, Tips for Translators, Translation Buyers/  No Comments

Advances in technology, in particular mobile technology, combined with the constant growth in social media communication, are the two driving forces behind the expected demand for professional language and translation services in 2014.

language-trendsImage courtesy of FreeDigitalPhotos.net

According to Renato Beninatto, the CMO of Moravia, we will see “major growth in the [language] industry this year.” Beninatto predicts that the expansion of mobile technology and social communications will generate a much higher “demand for localized language solutions.”

The National Council for Languages and International Studies has said that public and private-sector language-related initiatives are now a billion dollar enterprise in the US. In 2013, the industry generated $25 billion in the US alone.

The incredible growth recorded in the industry last year has been attributed to the large number of US companies working diligently to expand and strengthen their global presence. Mobile technology and social media communications have made international business opportunities so accessible that most companies worldwide, large and small, recognize the importance of investing in translation and other language services in order to open their doors to foreign markets.

Strangely enough, however, at the same time as investing $25 billion in language-related initiatives in 2013, the US continues to suffer from a lack of language-related subject interest in the classroom. The US Council on Foreign Relations believes that “foreign language education is on the decline,” and that it has been in serious decline for a number of years. This means that a lot of the language-related jobs needed for US brands to expand their businesses on a global level is outsourced to language experts in other countries.

In short, there are three main language-related trends that we should be ready for in 2014. 78% of CMOs believe that custom content is the future of marketing, reports Social Media Today. If companies want to continue globalizing their businesses throughout 2014, the most important tool that they will have at their disposal is that of content marketing programs. Companies which excel in 2014 will be those companies which invest both time and money in finding ways of connecting with different languages and cultures via mobile technology and social media communications.

Every day, more and more people are turning to mobile devices and smartphones as their primary source of information. Users access information from all over the world and they’re interested in what foreign companies have to offer/share. The demand for localized translations is likely to soar throughout 2014 and this will include translation services which dub multimedia content too.

On a final note, the impressive growth of cloud computing throughout 2013 improved the tracking precision of online user behavior. The detailed access to the demographics of a mass online audience that cloud computing has given us means that companies can now invest even more time and money in the generation of personalized online content for local communities and dialects. A surge in “local” translations is likely to further strengthen the economic position of the language industry as we progress throughout the next months.

The future seems to be very, very bright.

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of crowdsourcing translation?

Posted On February 10, 2014By TranspanishIn Tips for Translators, Translation Buyers, Translations/  No Comments

crowdsourcing

Some believe crowdsourcing to be a viable option for the translation industry and others are concerned that speed, quantity and low costs are no match for quality human translations.

Crowdsourcing is a relatively modern process, normally undertaken online, which enables a crowd of people to join together to complete a work-related project or raise a sum of money for a worthwhile cause. The term “crowdsourcing,” a combination of the words “crowd” and “outsourcing,” is best exemplified as a successful process by Wikipedia.

The Wikipedia encyclopedia wasn’t created via the more conventional process of hiring writers and editors to generate the content. Instead, Wikipedia appealed to the masses, a “crowd” of informed and enthusiastic online users, who were given full authority to create the information on their own. Wikipedia, as a result, is the most comprehensive encyclopedia we have ever seen.

The idea is that, by appealing to a large crowd of informed people equipped with the ideas and skills necessary to do the job, contributing enthusiasts will not only generate quality content but they will also make sure that the content generated is consistently updated.

Crowdsourcing in the translation industry

Wikipedia might be an undoubtable example of crowdsourcing success, but that doesn’t mean crowdsourcing is an appropriate avenue for all industries or all projects on every occasion. The translation industry is not necessarily the right environment for this kind of venture, or so many translation experts believe.

The advantages

Machine translation a few years ago made a play to dominate the translation industry by proving itself to be quicker and cheaper than human translation (HT). It became clear that what was missing from the machine translation was the quality, care and accuracy which was guaranteed from human translation. The result was the development of computer-aided translation (CAT), the post-human approach to modern translation which combines the efficiency of computing techniques with human quality.

Crowdsourcing in the translation industry hopes to go one better than CAT. Crowdsourcing translations are human translations which hopes to guarantee the accuracy of the work. Particularly when taking the case of Amara, crowd-sourced subtitle translation service for Youtube, into consideration.

Amara with its $1 million grant, has proved that via its crowdsourcing efforts it can translate videos into 20 different languages within 24 hours. The translations are generated by YouTube fanantics and “online nerds,” authorities in their individual fields with the time, interest, dedication and knowledge to make contributions as part of a global effort to translate YouTube information as quickly as possible.

The disadvantages

One of the main issues with crowdsourcing translations is, as with all new things, once something goes out of fashion or fails to continue to capture interest, productivity can slow down or die without much time to find an alternative.

It’s doubtful that interest in the crowdsourcing translations for Amara on YouTube will decrease. YouTube is just too popular. Here are some basic YouTube facts to blow your mind…

  • 60 hours of video is uploaded to YouTube per minute (to put that another way… one hour of video is uploaded to YouTube every second)
  • More than 4 billion videos are viewed on YouTube every day
  • More than 800 million unique users visit YouTube every month

Amara, therefore, is a translation project which already has the support of a huge number of online enthusiasts. Other translation projects might not be so popular and might risk standing the test of time. Crowdsourcing translations in some instances might simply run their course and it might be necessary to recruit paid translators to finish or continue the job anyway.

It’s also important to consider that while the Amara crowdsourcing community might be a crowd of video experts, translating into their native languages, they probably don’t have professional translation experience. Having subject matter knowledge and being a native speaker, doesn’t automatically make you an expert translator.

A number of industry experts believe that crowdsourcing translation projects still need to be monitored and edited or proofread by professional translators. In this sense the high quality, low costs and rapid results promised by crowdsourcing translation ventures, is nothing but a fleeting, well-disguised illusion.

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Upcoming Translation Events in February

Posted On January 22, 2014By TranspanishIn Tips for Translators/  No Comments

February will definitely be an interesting and busy month for translators. Below you will find plenty of conferences, webinars, workshops and events taking place all over the world!

3-6

TALLER DE CONTRATOS Y CALIDAD (DIRECTA E INVERSA). Colegio de Traductores Públicos de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Argentina

4

Translation Technology Showcase, TAUS, webinar

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Best QA Practices for Large Multi-channel Publishing Projects, Globalization and Localization Association, webinar

7

Workshop on Translation Quality/Traduction et qualité. Villeneuve d’Ascq, France

6-8

Association of Language Companies (ALC), ALC UNConference14. West Palm Beach, FL

10-11

¿QUÉ NECESITO SABER PARA TRADUCIR UN SITIO WEB? (2156). Colegio de Traductores Públicos de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Argentina

10-12

Israel Translators Association (ITA), ITA 2014 International Conference. Herzliya, Israel

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Transcreation: Beyond the Words, Globalization and Localization Association, webinar

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CLÁUSULAS IMPOSIBLES I: CÓMO SALIR DE ESA MARAÑA PARA TRADUCIR. Colegio de Traductores Públicos de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Argentina

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Game Culturalization 101: Introduction and Fundamentals, The Localization Institute, webinar

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Conference: The Philosophy of Translation and the Translation of Philosophy. University of Zurich. Switzerland.

EXHORTOS. Colegio de Traductores Públicos de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Argentina.

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PROCEDIMIENTO TEÓRICO-PRÁCTICO PARA LA ACTUACIÓN COMO AUXILIAR DE JUSTICIA. Colegio de Traductores Públicos de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Argentina.

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Changing the Game: A Painless Localization Process. The International Multilingual Computing User Group (IMUG), Mountain View, California USA

24-25

MANDATO/ AGENCY. Colegio de Traductores Públicos de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Argentina.

24-27

TALLER INTENSIVO DE CORRECCIÓN EN ESPAÑOL. NIVEL INTRODUCTORIO. Colegio de Traductores Públicos de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Argentina.

27-28

Localization Project Management Certification – on site, The Localization Institute, Bangkok, Thailand

27- March 1

memoQfest Americas, Kilgray Translation Technologies, Los Angeles, California USA

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Translation Project Management with memoQ Server, Globalization and Localization Association, webinar

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Monterey Institute Career Fair, Monterey Institute of International Studies, Monterey, California USA

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FÁRMACOS, DISPOSITIVOS Y ENFERMEDADES: ¿CÓMO ME ESPECIALIZO EN TRADUCCIÓN MÉDICA? Colegio de Traductores Públicos de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Argentina

 

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Don’t be a nincompoop!

Posted On January 10, 2014By TranspanishIn Did you know?, English Language, Languages, The origin of..., Tips for Translators, Translation Buyers/ 2 4 Comments

British English is full of fun and fanciful terms. The phrase, “Don’t be a nincompoop!” is just one prime example.

British termImage courtesy of FreeDigitalPhotos.net

“Nincompoop,” meaning fool or idiot, was traced back to its first usage in the 1670s by Jonson in his Dictionary of 1755. He believed the word to have come from the Latin legal term, “non compos mentis”, which translates to insane or mentally incompetent or not of sound mind. However, there are a number of etymologists who decidedly disagree with this explanation.

For example, some experts believe that “nincompoop” has actually developed from a proper name. Nicodemus, a derivation of Nicholas, has been cited as a possible example, as it was used in the French language to denote a fool.

Another band of etymologists, however, believe that “nincompoop” might simply be an invented word. The Oxford English Dictionary also believes that the origins of the word can be dated back to the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, and that there were a variety of versions of the word in use, including nicompoop and nickumpoop.

Folk etymology, like the kind John Ciardi from A Browser’s Dictionary uses to dismissively relate “nincompoop” to the Dutch phrase nicht om poep, which means “the female relative of a fool,” might hold some weight. “To poop” is an English verb used today to describe the action of going to the toilet, but in the past it was a verb which meant “to cheat” or “to fool.” This verb probably came from the Dutch verb, “poep”, which means “to shit” or “to fart,” which highlights interesting connections between the many meanings of these verbs.

According to Francis Grose’s slang dictionary of 1785, “nincompoop” has experienced a number of spelling variations. There have been recordings of nickumpoop, nincumpoop, nink-a-poop, ninkompoop, ninkumpupe, ninny-cum-poop. In Grose’s notes, “nincompoop,” regardless of how it is spelt, is the word used to describe someone, “who never saw his wife’s ****,” (the asterisks are printed, exactly as printed here, in Grose’s dictionary). An alternative etymology is offered by a later slang collector, John Camden Hotten, who in 1860 suggested the ‘corruption of ‘non compos mentis’ (not of sound mind).

Despite the uncertainty about the origins of the term, its use has always been pretty clear. “Nincompoop” is either used to refer to a fool or a simpleton. The “nincompoop” is a human being, lacking in intelligence and who flaunts his or her stupidity without shame in front of others. Favourable synonyms of the terms include, jackass, idiot, dunce, imbecile, or moron. Any term used to describe an ignorant simpleton can be replaced with the British phrase, “nincompoop”.

However, there are also a few instances in which “nincompoop” has been used to refer to something other than ignorant stupidity. “Nincompoop” has also been used to mean a suitor who lacks self-confidence and it was used by Thomas Shadwell in his 1672 play entitled, “Epsom Wells,” to refer to a hen-pecked husband.

It’s worth mentioning that “nincompoop” is still regularly used by the British in the 21st century in general conversation. It is used as a soft, teasing term amongst friends and loved ones, for the most part, rather than as a cutting term meant to cause pain to someone else or make them feel uncomfortable. The British love for silly-sounding words is probably one of the most important factors in the longevity of this particular 1670s phrase.

 

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Upcoming Translation Events in January

Posted On December 31, 2013By TranspanishIn Tips for Translators/  No Comments

The year begins with plenty of conferences, webinars, workshops and events taking place all over the world!

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Translation Technology Showcase, TAUS, webinar

9

TAUS Dynamic Quality Framework Users Call, TAUS, webinar

9-10

Colloquium “Performativity and Translation” at the Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong in Hong Kong

9-12

Modern Language Association (MLA). 129th MLA Annual Convention. Chicago, IL. USA

15

Conference: 2nd Networking event for Hotel & Tourism industry translators
Online: SDL MultiTerm 2014 for Translators and Project Managers
Online: SDL Trados Studio 2014 Getting Started Part 1: Translating
Online: SDL Trados Studio 2014 Intermediate

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L20n: Next Generation Localization Framework for the Web, The International Multilingual Computing User Group (IMUG), San Jose, California USA

Online: SDL Trados Studio 2014 Getting Started Part 1: Translating in German
Online: SDL Trados Studio 2014 Getting Started Part 2: Working with the Supply Chain and Pre-production in French

16-17

CIUTI Forum 2014, Conférence Internationale permanente d’Instituts Universitaires de Traducteurs et Interprètes (CIUTI). Geneva, Switzerland

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Localization unconference, Localization unconference Team, Toronto, Canada

Online: SDL Trados Studio 2014 Getting Started Part 1: Translating
Online: SDL MultiTerm 2014 for Translators and Project Managers in French

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Online: SDL Trados Studio 2014 for Project Managers Part 1: Managing Projects
Online: SDL Trados Studio 2014 Getting Started Part 2: Working with the Supply Chain and Pre-production

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Online: SDL Trados Studio 2014 for Project Managers Part 2: Streamlining Projects and Pre-production
Online: SDL Trados Studio 2014 Advanced

30-31

Translation in transition: between cognition, computing and technology. Frederiksberg, Denmark

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You wouldn’t Adam ‘n’ Eve it!

Posted On December 30, 2013By TranspanishIn English Language, Tips for Translators, Translation Buyers/  No Comments

With the passing of yet another year, the world has already begun to look forward toward a fresh start and a new beginning. What better duo than Adam and Eve, the starry couple from the very beginning of time, to send us bouncing into 2014 with a cockney rhyming slang phrase on the tips of our tongues?

“Adam and Eve” is the cockney rhyming phrase meaning “to believe” and used by many as a substitute for the verb in the East End of London. It’s not uncommon for a Londoner to enter a room and spark up a story of outrage beginning with, “You wouldn’t Adam ‘n’ Eve it!” but it’s also highly probable that most Londoners who use the phrase know very little about where it comes from and when it first became part of the Eastender’s standard vocabulary.

A brief history of Cockney Rhyming Slang

In the very early part of the 19th century, the first East London police force was formed by Sir. Robert Peel. Police officers earned the nickname, “Peelers” or “Bobbies,” (Bob being the shortened version of Robert). They were some of the first victims of Cockney Rhyming Slang, which was specifically created by East London’s lower classes so that they could communicate with each other without running the risk of the “Bobbies” catching on to what they were saying.

Modern changes

As we move into 2014, you might not Adam ‘n’ Eve it, but Cockney Rhyming Slang continues to go through some big and important changes. For example, it’s less likely that popular, Cockney rhyming phrases would be heard in and around the East End London. Most Cockney speakers are now found a little bit further out in Essex. During the past five decades, East Londoners have been slowly moving out of London and Cockney Rhyming Slang has been duly migrating out with them.

In the 19th century, Cockney Rhyming Slang was a dialect used by East Londoners, born in and around the Bow Road area. However, it is now more accurate to say that most white, working-class people from the south east region of England are the common speakers of Cockney Rhyming phrases.

Grappling to hold onto traditions

Fearing that Cockney Rhyming Slang will one day die out completely, a number of East London schools have been part of a project to teach the phrases to young children. “Apples and pears” (meaning stairs) and “Have a Butcher’s hook,” (meaning look) form part of an East London campaign designed to get Cockney recognised as an official dialect.

This educational program not only hopes to encourage the younger generation to begin reutilising as many Cockney Rhyming Slang phrases as possible, but it also aims to revive East London (Cockney) foods and traditional dishes, as well as East London (Cockney) customs.

Over 100 dialects are spoken by children in East London schools. Cockney, if we consider it to be a dialect, is one of the largest. This explains the recent push towards making Cockney Rhyming Slang part of the East London primary schools’ language program. If you don’t Adam ‘n’ Eve it, feel free to get the full story in London’s Daily Mail Online.

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Where does the word Christmas come from?

Posted On December 18, 2013By TranspanishIn Did you know?, English Language, Languages, The origin of..., Tips for Translators, Translation Buyers/ 1 1 Comment

“Christmas” is an Old English word, constructed from the combination of two words, namely “Christ” and “Mass”. The first recorded Old English version of the phrase, “Crīstesmæsse,” dates back to 1038, but by the Middle Ages the term had already morphed into “Cristemasse;” a slightly more modern version of the phrase.

Xmas

The origins

The two separate parts of the word can be traced back to Greek, Hebrew and Latin origins. “Christ” comes from the Greek word “Khrīstos” (Χριστός) or “Crīst,” and there’s a lot of evidence to suggest that the Hebrew word “Māšîaḥ” (מָשִׁיחַ) or “Messiah,” which actually means “anointed,” has also played a considerable role in the construction of the first part of the word “Christmas.” The second part most probably comes from the Latin word, “Missa,” which refers directly to the celebration of the Eucharist.

It is also believed that “Christenmas” is an archaic version of the word “Christmas,” whose origins can be attributed to the Middle English phrase, “Cristenmasse,” which when literally translated becomes, “Christian Mass.”

Christmas… the international holiday

Even though “Christian Mass” or “Christ’s Mass” refers to the annual Christian commemoration of the birth Jesus Christ, “Christmas” is an international holiday which, throughout the ages, has been celebrated by non-Christian communities and been referred to via a variety of different names, including the following:

  • Nātiuiteð (nātīvitās in Latin) or “Nativity” means “birth” and has often been used as an alternative to the word “Christmas”
  • The Old English word, Gēola, or “Yule” corresponds to the period of time between December and January and eventually became associated with the Christian festival of “Christmas”
  • “Noel” is an English word which became popular during late 14th century and which is derived from the Old French term “Noël” or “Naël,”  literally translating to “the day of birth”

“Xmas”… modern or ancient?

It’s also worth noting that, even though most people tend to view the abbreviation “Xmas” as a modern bastardisation of the word “Christmas,” “Xmas” is an ancient term and not a grammatically-incorrect modern construction. “X” was regularly used to represent the Greek symbol “chi,” (the first letter of the word “Christ”) and was very popular during Roman Times.

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Three tips for dealing with translation scammers

Posted On December 16, 2013By TranspanishIn Tips for Translators, Translation Buyers/  No Comments

Clients looking for expert translators always run the risk of stumbling into a scam. There are many fake translators who apply for translation work across the Internet and who promote their fake skills and qualifications by using profiles that they have stolen from real translators with just some of the details (like the email contacts) changed.

 

scamImage courtesy of FreeDigitalPhotos.net

It’s difficult to eradicate the problem completely, but that doesn’t mean that there’s nothing real translators and clients looking for qualified, experienced translators can do to reduce the risks and alert others in the industry to the problem.

1. Keep up-to-date

The most important thing translators and clients looking for translators can do to avoid being scammed by scammers is to keep up-to-date with the different kinds of industry scams that they might fall prey to. One of the best ways of keeping up-to-date is to follow as many creditable translation blogs as possible.

Translation industry bloggers will always be amongst some of the first to highlight new translation scams to be aware of. The more contact clients and translators have with these blogs, the more difficult it becomes for scammers to continue tricking potential clients into paying for poor quality or non-existent translations.

2. Learn to recognize a typical scammer’s profile

Read up on the kind of profiles that scammers tend to assume. Find out as much information about the style of profile translation scammers adopt and revise these aspects of any application from interested translators that you receive before agreeing to send any work their way.

For example, most fake translators tend to operate using regular Hotmail or Gmail email accounts which they include on their fake CVs. An experienced, qualified and established translator is more likely to have an email account linked to a personal website or blog which he or she manages. The personal details of the real translator will always appear that much more professional. References will check out and they will be happy to contact you via Skype or other methods of online communication before committing to a translation project. They will also be able to provide lots of links to past translations and be happy to send you a test translated paragraph as part of the interview process.

3. Report scammers immediately

Reporting scammers is incredibly important. Even publishing a short post on the Internet, or making a reference to a bad experience with a fake translator via social media platforms, will help to control the problems which exist within the industry and reduce the power that translation scammers seem to have acquired.

In our last post, we describe in more detail how the scammers manage to get away with their crimes.

If more industry experts began publishing information, the translation industry would grow stronger against potential scammers and professionals working within the field could begin to stop worrying about identity fraud.

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One of the biggest translation industry scams affects both translators and clients

Posted On December 4, 2013By TranspanishIn Tips for Translators, Translation Buyers/  No Comments

Most translators work online on a freelance basis and get paid via the Internet. High levels of trust must exist between the translator and the client which, in most cases, can only be developed over time. Therefore, it’s necessary within the industry to take risks when embarking on a new working relationship.

The problem is that as most translator/client relationships are formed across the Internet, it’s relatively easy for translation scammers to take advantage, provide false information and apply for translation jobs using false identities. One such scam has been in operation for a while. Both translators and clients, if not yet fully informed, should take the time to look over the following information.

Image courtesy of FreeDigitalPhotos.net

Scam? What scam?

The danger of this particular scam is that the scammers involved first begin by inviting professional translators to share their CVs with them under the premise of promoting the translators’ skills and helping them make contacts find more translation work.

Scammers write to translators, asking them if they would be happy to have changes made to their CVs to make them more attractive to prospective clients. They promise to put translators in contact with new clients and make improvements to their CVs at the same time. These scammers then steal the CVs they receive from professional translators, make changes to the names and addresses on those CVs and use them along with their fake identities to get work under the guise of professional translators.

How do the scammers manage to trick you?

In order to cover their tracks, most of the scammers change the name and surname on the CV they steal and ALL of them change the email address associated with that CV to a standard Gmail or Hotmail email.

The difficulty in spotting these scammers is that they go to a lot of trouble to create a fake identity within the translation industry by using their fake identities to join translation forums. Sometimes, they even steal the real names of other bonafide translators within the industry to develop these fake profiles and further develop a convincing charade. In the few cases when they do actually translate something using their fake profiles, they use Google translate and other such online tools.

Where’s the proof that these scams exist?

The identities of some of these scammers have been revealed online in an attempt to expose fraudulent activity in the industry and hopefully bring it to an end. One particular example comes from Adriana Aaron.

What are the concerns surrounding PayPal and other e-payment services?

To gauge a better idea of what an invoice from one of these scammers might look like, take a look at the invoice sent by Julia Korf (one of the scammers whose fake identity, or at least, one of them, has already been revealed). Scamming clients with fake translator identities is a lot easier to do when charging for those services via e-payment platforms, such as PayPal. Most PayPal accounts are managed using basic Gmail and Hotmail email addresses. There’s no need to have a professional identity/business setup to send payment requests and this means that scammers have an easier time when tricking clients into financing them for paid translation projects.

The list of PayPal email addresses here are those which have already been associated with known translation scammers. Stay clear of anyone claiming to be a translator using these email addresses and feel free to share other emails that can be added to the list if you have also been the victim of translation fraud.

 

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Ñoqui in Argentina is more than just an Italian meal

Posted On December 3, 2013By TranspanishIn Did you know?, Lunfardo, Spanish Language, Tips for Translators, Translation Buyers/  No Comments

Ñoquis might be a popular Italian dish in Argentina, particularly in Buenos Aires, but its meaning goes a lot deeper than Italian gastronomy. In Argentine lunfardo, ñoquis is the word used to refer to someone who doesn’t work, but who still manages to claim a salary at the end of the month.

 

noqui-lunfardo

 

The lunfardo expression became a well-used phrase in Argentine during the 1970s and relates directly to a group of corrupt, Argentine, civil servants who, it was eventually revealed, had been continuing to claim their paychecks at the end of the month without actually having done any work.

When Mauricio Macri was first appointed Mayor of Buenos Aires in 2011, one of the first administrative decisions that his government saw through was to sack 2400 public employees in the city of Buenos Aires. Macri and his government claimed that the 2400 public employees forced out of employment were all “ñoquis” – that they had been continuing to receive their salaries at the end of the month without ever having showed up to do the jobs they were being paid for. Macri’s decision generated a huge conflict between his government and the city unions. Many strikes by public service employees were also organized as a result.

As well as being a popular lunfardo expression, eating ñoquis on the 29th of every month is a long-standing tradition in Argentina. The tradition dates back to the early 20th century when Italian immigrants in Argentina didn’t get paid until the end of the month. Food was normally very scarce by the 29th and ñoquis, made from just potato and flour, is full of starch and was one of the best ways for these Italian families to feed everyone on a budget.

The ñoquis eating tradition on the 29th of every month also relates to the notion of good luck, fortune and wealth. It’s customary to put money underneath each plate before eating to encourage wealth and prosperity in the future.

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