Lunfardo: What Does “Guita” Mean?

Posted On April 28, 2011By TranspanishIn Did you know?, Languages, Lunfardo, Spanish Language, Spanish Translation, Tips for Translators, Translation Buyers/  1 Comment

Argentine Spanish is strewn with words and colorful phrases from Lunfardo, a rich vocabulary born on the streets of Buenos Aires in the second half of the 19th century. Now considered a fixture of the Spanish language in Argentina (especially in and around Buenos Aires) and Uruguay, linguists cite the use of Lunfardo as a defining characteristic of the Rioplatense dialect. Add a dash of Argentine flavor to your Spanish vocabulary with the Transpanish blog’s ongoing feature highlighting some of the most frequently used terms in Lunfardo.

The Meaning of Guita

In Lunfardo, the word “guita” means “money” or “cash.” The word “dinero” (money) is not frequently heard in Argentina, with speakers tending to favor the word “plata” instead. The term “guita” is in widespread use throughout Argentina. In addition to guita, you may run across the words “mango,” “vento,” “sope” (a reversal of the syllables in the word “peso”), and “mosca” in a discussion about money. Also the word “guita” is equivalent to cent or “peso” (Argentine currency).

The word “guita” turns up in the lyrics of the tango “Al mundo le falta un tornillo” by José María Aguilar  and Enrique Cadícamo

Todo el mundo está en la estufa,
Triste, amargao y sin garufa,
neurasténico y cortao…
Se acabaron los robustos,
si hasta yo, que daba gusto,
¡cuatro kilos he bajao!
Hoy no hay guita ni de asalto
y el puchero está tan alto
que hay que usar el trampolín.
Si habrá crisis, bronca y hambre,
que el que compra diez de fiambre
hoy se morfa hasta el piolín.

Hoy se vive de prepo
y se duerme apurao.
Y la chiva hasta a Cristo
se la han afeitao…
Hoy se lleva a empeñar
al amigo más fiel,
nadie invita a morfar…

…

 

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Résumé Writing Tips for Translators

Posted On April 14, 2011By TranspanishIn Tips for Translators/  1 Comment

As the old saying goes, you never get a second chance to make a first impression. A résumé or curriculum vitae (CV) offers prospective employers a glimpse at your professional qualifications and background, and it’s important to present yourself in the best possible light while remaining truthful about your accomplishments. A well-written résumé can catapult you to the top of the list of candidates, while an uninspiring one will likely end up in the trash. Read on for some résumé writing tips for translators.

Include Basic Information

Every translator’s résumé should include basic personal and contact information including first and last name, physical address, phone number, and email address. Leave off details such as marital status, religion, or political affiliation; such information is unnecessary and may be used as grounds for discrimination during the hiring process.

Check and Double-Check

In the field of translation, where attention to detail plays a critical role, don’t be guilty of forwarding potential employers a résumé riddled with spelling or grammatical errors. Thoroughly proofread your résumé, and, if possible, send it to a trusted colleague for additional review.

Keep It Simple

Hiring personnel spend a limited amount of time reviewing each résumé, so it’s important to try to keep things concise. The majority of translators – and particularly those just starting out – should be able to summarize their qualifications and experience in a single page.

Put Your Best Foot Forward

If you have a translation certification or degree but minimal work experience, lead off with the information about your education. Conversely, if you can boast years of translation experience but little to no formal training in the field, make a point to highlight your work experience first.

Customize Your Résumé and Cover Letter

If you’re applying for a job as a legal translator, make sure your résumé emphasizes your experience with this particular type of translation. Now is not the time to highlight your excellent skills as a technical translator. Include a well-crafted, customized cover letter for the target position that further promotes your skills and qualifications.

As the old saying goes, you never get a second chance to make a first impression. A résumé or curriculum vitae (CV) offers prospective employers a glimpse at your professional qualifications and background, and it’s important to present yourself in the best possible light while remaining truthful about your accomplishments. A well-written résumé can catapult you to the top of the list of candidates, while an uninspiring one will likely end up in the trash. Read on for some résumé writing tips for translators.

Include Basic Information

Every translator’s résumé should include basic personal and contact information including first and last name, physical address, phone number, and email address. Leave off details such as marital status, religion, or political affiliation; such information is unnecessary and may be used as grounds for discrimination during the hiring process.

Check and Double-Check

In the field of translation, where attention to detail plays a critical role, don’t be guilty of forwarding potential employers a résumé riddled with spelling or grammatical errors. Thoroughly proofread your résumé, and, if possible, send it to a trusted colleague for additional review.

Keep It Simple

Hiring personnel spend a limited amount of time reviewing each résumé, so it’s important to try to keep things concise. The majority of translators – and particularly those just starting out – should be able to summarize their qualifications and experience in a single page.

Put Your Best Foot Forward

If you have a translation certification or degree but minimal work experience, lead off with the information about your education. Conversely, if you can boast years of translation experience but little to no formal training in the field, make a point to hig

As the old saying goes, you never get a second chance to make a first impression. A résumé or curriculum vitae (CV) offers prospective employers a glimpse at your professional qualifications and background, and it’s important to present yourself in the best possible light while remaining truthful about your accomplishments. A well-written résumé can catapult you to the top of the list of candidates, while an uninspiring one will likely end up in the trash. Read on for some résumé writing tips for translators.

Include Basic Information

Every translator’s résumé should include basic personal and contact information including first and last name, physical address, phone number, and email address. Leave off details such as marital status, religion, or political affiliation; such information is unnecessary and may be used as grounds for discrimination during the hiring process.

Check and Double-Check

In the field of translation, where attention to detail plays a critical role, don’t be guilty of forwarding potential employers a résumé riddled with spelling or grammatical errors. Thoroughly proofread your résumé, and, if possible, send it to a trusted colleague for additional review.

Keep It Simple

Hiring personnel spend a limited amount of time reviewing each résumé, so it’s important to try to keep things concise. The majority of translators – and particularly those just starting out – should be able to summarize their qualifications and experience in a single page.

Put Your Best Foot Forward

If you have a translation certification or degree but minimal work experience, lead off with the information about your education. Conversely, if you can boast years of translation experience but little to no formal training in the field, make a point to highlight your work experience first.

Customize Your Résumé and Cover Letter

If you’re applying for a job as a legal translator, make sure your résumé emphasizes your experience with this particular type of translation. Now is not the time to highlight your excellent skills as a technical translator. Include a well-crafted, customized cover letter for the target position that further promotes your skills and qualifications.

hlight your work experience first.

Customize Your Résumé and Cover Letter

If you’re applying for a job as a legal translator, make sure your résumé emphasizes your experience with this particular type of translation. Now is not the time to highlight your excellent skills as a technical translator. Include a well-crafted, customized cover letter for the target position that further promotes your skills and qualifications.

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2010 U.S. Census Data Reveals Continued Growth of Hispanic Population

Posted On April 7, 2011By TranspanishIn Latinos, Spanish Language, Spanish Translation, Tips for Translators, Translation Buyers/  1 Comment

According to the latest demographic information culled from the 2010 U.S. Census, the Latino population now totals 16.3% of the nation’s inhabitants. The Hispanic population increased 43% over the last ten years, growing from 35.3 million to 50.5 million. Demographers also reported that 56% of the country’s total population expansion in the last decade can be attributed to Latinos.

Even though the Latino population’s growth in raw numbers over the last ten years exceeded totals from previous decades, in terms of the growth rate percentage, the Hispanic population increased more slowly than in years past. For example, the Latino population saw growth rates exceeding 50% in the 1980s and 1990s; however, the first decade of the 21st century witnessed a slightly more modest 43% increase in the number of U.S. Hispanics.

Hispanics, who may self-identify with any race or ethnicity, constitute the country’s largest minority group. By race, 53% of Latinos – 26.7 million people – identified themselves as white only. The next biggest group, 36.7% (18.5 million) of Latinos, identified themselves as “some other race.” A further 6% endorsed multiple races/ethnicities.

In terms of geographic distribution, the majority of the Latino population remains in nine states with significant, established Hispanic communities: Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, New Mexico, New Jersey, New York and Texas. The trend over the last decade, however, is one of dispersion, with the percentage of Latinos living in other states on the rise.

Southeast states including Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee and South Carolina registered some of the most impressive growth in the Latino population. Maryland and South Dakota also saw their Hispanic populations double over the last decade.

In six states – Illinois, Louisiana, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York and Rhode Island – an increase in the number of Latinos constituted all of those states’ population growth. In the event that the Latino population had not multiplied, those states would have seen negative growth.

The census count of the U.S. Latino population was slightly higher than anticipated. The 2010 Census results for Hispanics yielded 955,000 more people than the Census Bureau had estimated for this segment of the population.

Source: The Pew Hispanic Center

 

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Google Strikes Deal to Translate European Patents

Posted On March 28, 2011By TranspanishIn English Language, Languages, Spanish Language, Spanish Translation, Tips for Translators, Translation Buyers/  No Comments

Last week Google announced an agreement with the European Patent Office (EPO) to translate approximately 50 million patents using the search giant’s Internet-based translation tool, Google Translate. Google and authorities at the EPO will collaborate to translate patents into 32 different languages.

Patent researchers, scientists and others will be able to conduct searches for patents in German, French and English, the patent authority’s three official languages. The EPO site’s users may then obtain an instant translation of the patent documentation into languages such as Russian, Japanese or Spanish. It’s important to note that these translations are being made available purely for research and information purposes; they are in no way meant to substitute for official patent translations done by professional translators, as mandated by law.

The EPO will grant Google access to all previously translated patents, which amount to some 1.5 million documents in addition to 50,000 new patents per year.

Officials at the patent office expect the project to be finalized by 2014.

For more information, visit EPO.org.

Also read:
The machine translation debate

Google Translate and the Struggle for Accurate Machine Translations

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Tips for Translators: Using Twitter

Posted On March 23, 2011By TranspanishIn Spanish Translation, Tips for Translators/  No Comments

Social networking site Twitter can be a valuable tool for those in the translation industry. The service offers a means for translators to get in direct contact with potential clients all over the globe; in addition, Twitter provides an excellent opportunity to network with other translators. Read on for some useful Twitter tips for translators:

  • Before you set up your Twitter account, think about your goals for using the service. Craft your Twitter profile with these goals in mind; other users will determine whether to follow you based on what you’ve written in this brief biography.
  • Always be sure to post a link to your website, blog or other social media profile, such as LinkedIn, in your Twitter bio.
  • Seek out engaging people to follow, whether they are other translators, translation agencies, people who live close by, or those with the same interests as you.
  • Prior to jumping in with your insights, take a bit of time to listen to the buzz of conversation around you. Once you begin tweeting, limit yourself to a maximum of five tweets per day until you get a feel for the service.
  • Last but not least, make your tweets interesting! While Twitter is an excellent tool for promoting your translation services, it shouldn’t be the only way you use the site. Share information and ask questions – get involved in the conversation!
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Portuñol: A Blend of Spanish and Portuguese

Posted On March 18, 2011By TranspanishIn Brazilian Market, Languages, Portuguese Language, Spanish Language, Tips for Translators, Translation Buyers/  3 Comments

Portuñol or portunhol – a dialect based on code-switching between Spanish and Portuguese – has resulted from prolonged contact between the inhabitants of border areas. Emerging over time as a sort of lingua franca for those living in immigrant communities or in trade zones where speakers lacked fluency in the other group’s language, portuñol can be described as a hybrid mixture of Spanish and Portuguese with a smattering of influences from indigenous languages. Portuñol speakers are concentrated in the border areas between Argentina and Brazil, Paraguay and Brazil, and Uruguay and Brazil.

The most uniform and structured variation of portuñol, known as portuñol riverense or fronterizo, is spoken near the Uruguay-Brazil border, specifically in and around the area surrounding the twin cities of Rivera, Uruguay and Santana do Livramento, Brazil. Although most linguists consider portuñol riverense to be primarily a Portuguese-based dialect, other variants of portuñol retain more of a Spanish flavor.

In the past few years, a number of literary works in portuñol have been produced, largely by Uruguayan and Brazilian authors. One of the most celebrated examples of portuñol literature is a novel entitled Mar Paraguayo by Wilson Bueno. The use of portuñol has also risen on the Internet, with websites, blogs and chat rooms dedicated to the dialect.

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The Languages of Spain

Posted On March 5, 2011By TranspanishIn Did you know?, Latinos, Spanish Language, Spanish Translation, Tips for Translators, Translation Buyers/  No Comments

The first language that springs to mind when one thinks of Spain is – not surprisingly – Castilian Spanish, the country’s official language. However, there are actually a number of other languages and dialects spoken there, a few of which have attainted co-official status in certain regions: Catalan/Valencian, Basque, Galician, and Aranese.

Here’s a brief snapshot of some of the languages spoken in Spain.

Castilian Spanish

Castilian Spanish – so named for its roots in the region of Castile – emerged from Spain’s many regional languages and dialects to become the primary language of the nation. Castilian Spanish was later brought to the New World through the colonization efforts of the Spanish, where the language enjoyed widespread adoption throughout the Americas.

Catalan/Valencian

Catalan, a Romance language spoken in Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands, currently boasts some 12 million speakers. Catalan has achieved broad usage as an everyday language in these areas. The language has become the medium of instruction in a number of schools, and it’s utilized to a large extent in government administration and the media. The version of the language spoken in the Community of Valencia is known as Valencian. Though some Valencians contest that their language is separate from Catalan, the majority of linguists consider it a dialect.

Galician

Spoken by approximately three million people in the northwest corner of Spain, Galician shares many linguistic features with Portuguese. The two languages are more or less mutually intelligible, but Galician relies on Spanish orthographic conventions. In fact, scholars have been debating for some time as to whether Galician and Portuguese are actually two distinct languages or just dialects of the same language.

Basque

Linguists consider the Basque language, spoken in the north of Spain in Basque Country, a language isolate (i.e. a language with no known linguistic relationship to another language). As such, Basque shares virtually zero mutual intelligibility with Castilian Spanish and the other languages of Spain, which all belong to the Romance language family.

Aranese

Aranese – a language spoken in the Aran Valley of Catalonia in northeastern Spain – shares co-official status with Catalan in that region. Approximately 90% of those living in the Aran Valley can understand Aranese, and some 65% of inhabitants can speak the language.

Read Differences between Latin American Spanish and Castilian Spanish.

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Linguistic Features of Rioplatense (River Plate) Spanish

Posted On February 22, 2011By TranspanishIn Did you know?, Spanish Language, Tips for Translators, Translation Buyers/ 1 2 Comments

The dialect of Spanish spoken in and around Buenos Aires, Argentina is known as Rioplatense or River Plate Spanish. The dialect’s sphere of influence extends to other major cities within the River Plate region including La Plata, Santa Fe, Rosario, Paraná and Mar del Plata in Argentina, and Montevideo in Uruguay. While significant dialectical differences exist between the Spanish spoken in the various regions of Argentina, most foreigners equate “Argentine Spanish” with the Rioplatense version.

The following linguistic features set Rioplatense Spanish apart from other dialects spoken in Latin America and Spain.

Voseo. In Rioplatense Spanish, the second person singular pronoun tú is completely replaced by vos, a linguistic phenomenon known as voseo. The conjugation of the second person form in the present indicative tense and the imperative mood also changes [Example: tú hablas (you speak) becomes vos hablás, dime tu nombre (tell me your name) becomes decime tu nombre]. Click here for more information on voseo.

Rehilamiento or sheísmo. The linguistic feature known as rehilamiento or sheísmo refers to a characteristic of Rioplatense Spanish in which the sounds “ll” and “y” are pronounced as [ʃ] or [ʒ] (like the sounds in the English words mission and measure). As a result, the word pollo (chicken) is pronounced “po-sho” or “po-zho” while playa (beach) sounds like “plah-sha” or “pla-zha.”

Appearance of numerous European loanwords. The great wave of European immigration to Argentina at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century led to the incorporation of a number of loanwords from Italian, French, German and English. Traces of Italian are particularly noticeable in everyday words, e.g. morfi (food).

Unique intonation influenced by Italian. Italian also left its mark on the Rioplatense dialect in terms of speakers’ unique intonation. Many people describe the sound of Rioplatense Spanish as Spanish spoken with an Italian accent.

Aspiration of the letter “s” at the end of a syllable. The letter “s” often seems to disappear in Rioplatense Spanish [Example: the word “fresco” is pronounced “freh-ko”]. Some linguists feel that this feature of the dialect is attributable to the influence of Italian as well.

Use of Lunfardo. Rioplatense Spanish is peppered with numerous words and phrases from the colorful slang known as Lunfardo. One of the features of Lunfardo is the use of vesre, a form of wordplay that reverses the order of syllables in a word [Example: café → feca (coffee)].

Influence of indigenous languages such as Araucano, Quechua and Guaraní. The languages of the various indigenous peoples of Argentina have shaped the Spanish language in this country. Examples of indigenous words that have entered into Rioplatense Spanish are the word tambo meaning dairy farm, which comes from Quechua, and the Araucano word laucha meaning mouse.

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Prescription Medication Labels and Translation: Meeting the Needs of Non-English Speakers

Posted On February 16, 2011By TranspanishIn English Language, Spanish Language, Spanish Translation, Tips for Translators, Translation Buyers/  1 Comment

A bill is currently being deliberated in the California State Senate that would require pharmacies to take “the needs of patients with limited English proficiency” into consideration when labeling prescription medications. Medication errors, a leading cause of medical accidents, may be reduced when patients have improved understanding of how to take prescription drugs.

With approximately 18% of the U.S. population over the age of five speaking a language other than English (according to 2000 U.S. census figures), professional translators have a duty to aid health care providers to ensure accurate and useful translations of not only prescription drug labels, but instructional and educational materials as well.

Five main issues continually plague the accuracy of health care translations and jeopardize the health care provider’s ability to communicate effectively with the patient.

(1) Literacy and educational levels: Health care texts presented for translation are often written in a sophisticated manner that can be easily misunderstood by the target audience.

(2) Imprecise writing: Typographical errors, incorrect punctuation and/or poor word choice in the source document may lead to unintentional changes to the meaning of the original text.

(3) Inappropriate use of color: Various cultural groups assign different meanings to the same color. For example, while red signals danger to many English speakers, other cultural groups such as the Chinese view red as a symbol of luck or happiness.

(4) Representation of numbers and dates: The formatting of dates, weights and other numerical information may lead to confusion, as different language groups write this information in different ways.

(5) Cultural and religious sensitivities: The use of certain anatomical terms may be considered offensive to some cultural groups.

In order to combat these problems, it is important for translators to develop systems including style guides or glossaries, built in collaboration with various clients. In addition to factoring in style decisions, translators should also consider the level of education of the target audience, the location of the target population, formal or informal tone, idiosyncratic titles, capitalization, and translation for the web. Glossaries should be thought of as living documents that grow and change over time. They ensure the consistent use of terminology from document to document while accounting for client preferences.

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How do I clean a file created with Trados?

Posted On January 16, 2011By TranspanishIn Tips for Translators/  No Comments

After translation and, in the case of tagged file formats, tag verification, your target files are still in bilingual format. Bilingual files contain hidden source text and segment delimiting marks that must be removed before the target files are converted back into their original format. The process of removing this bilingual data from the target files is known as clean up.

The clean up process also involves some secondary functions. For files that have been reviewed and edited independently of Translator’s Workbench, the clean up process allows you to update the translation memory in accordance with the latest changes in the target files. Also, if you used the Translated Text Colors option in Translator’s Workbench to apply color formatting to text during translation, clean up restores the original color formatting of text.

Use the Clean Up command to process translated documents as follows:

  • Remove hidden source text and segment delimiting marks from your document(s).
  • Update the translation memory in accordance with changes that have been made to the target files outside Translator’s Workbench. The Clean Up feature counts the number of segments and words that are updated during the process. The summary data is displayed on screen and written to a log file.
  • Restore the original coloring of your text if you have used the Translated Text Colors option in Translator’s Workbench.
  • Restore the original file extension, in the case of TradosTag (TTX) documents

Using the Clean Up Command

 

To clean up one or more documents, follow these steps:

  1. In Translator’s Workbench, select Open from the File menu to open the translation memory that you was used to translate the documents that you wish to clean up.
  2. Select Clean Up from the Tools menu. The Clean Up Files dialog box opens.
  3. Before you begin the clean up, check that the translation memory, project and filter settings you have specified are suitable. Use the Options command to access the Translation Memory
  4. Options and the Project and Filter Settings dialog boxes directly.
  • Click Add. The Files to Clean up dialog box opens. Browse to the location of the files, select the relevant files and click Open to add them to the Files to Clean up list.
  • Drag and drop the file(s) from Windows Explorer or the Find Files dialog box into the Files to Clean up list.

To remove files from the list, select them and click Remove. You can delete the entire list by clicking Clear.

  1. Set the Changed Translations options you require.
  2. Use the Log File control to specify the log file(s) in which statistical information about the clean up operation is saved. Translator’s Workbench creates two log files: one in text format with a .log extension and the other in comma-separated form with a .csv extension.
  • To create a new log file or locate an existing log file, click Log File > Browse.
  • To view the log file that is currently specified, click Log File > View.
  • To delete the log file that is currently specified, click Log File > Delete.
  1. Select the name of the log file where Translator’s Workbench saves the statistical information.
  2. Click Clean Up to start the process of cleaning and updating. Translator’s Workbench displays two progress indicators: one for the current file and another for the total number of files.

After clean up, click View Log File to examine the log file containing the statistical information of the clean up process. Open the clean documents in the relevant target application to verify that the source text and segment delimiting marks have been removed. Some file formats, such as STF and the DTP file formats, may require further processing and/or conversion before the final translation can be viewed in the target application.

 

Clean Up Options

By default, Translator’s Workbench makes a backup copy of each file before clean up with the same name as the original and the extension .bak. If you do not want this, deselect Keep Backup in the

Tools tab of the Translation Memory Options dialog box.

 

Changed Translations Options

The Changed translations options apply to documents that meet the following requirements:

  • They have been translated with Translator’s Workbench, so they contain translation units (hidden source text with target text translation).
  • The translation memory used for the Clean Up function is the same as the one that was used for the translation of the documents.
  • Changes were made to the translation units in the document without using Translator’s Workbench, which means that these changes were not updated in the translation memory. As a result, some translation units in the document differ from those in the translation memory.

Use the Changed translations options in the Clean Up Files dialog box to decide what should happen to the document and the corresponding translation memory:

  • If Don’t update is selected, changes made to the translation units in the document stay untouched and are not updated to the translation memory. This is the default setting.
  • If Update TM is selected, changes made to translation units in the document are updated to the translation memory. The translation memory is updated according to the changes made to the document. This is useful after spell-checking or if you have made other changes to the translated document without using Translator’s Workbench. If source text has been changed,

Translator’s Workbench compares the new source text to the translation memory. If a corresponding translation unit exists in the translation memory, it is overwritten. Otherwise a new translation unit is created in the translation memory with the new source text from the document, together with its translation.

  • If Update document is selected, changes made to the translation units in the document are undone and the translations in the translation memory are used instead.
  • If Don’t clean up is selected, translation units in the document that differ from their counterparts in the translation memory are untouched during clean up. Unlike the Don’t update option, Don’t clean up does not remove the hidden source part and delimiting marks of the changed document translation units. This allows you to check the differences between the translation units in the document and those in the translation memory after clean up. The Don’t clean up option is not available for TradosTag (TTX) that have been translated in TagEditor.

Cleaning up HTML, SGML and XML Documents

Before cleaning up HTML, SGML and XML documents in TradosTag format, ensure that the correct tag settings have been specified in the Tag Settings Manager so that the target SGML, XML or HTML files can be created. You can access the Tag Settings Manager directly from the Tools tab of the Translation Memory Options dialog box.

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